CHAPTER 23
"waving the bloody shirt"
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A method that Ulysses S. Grant utilized to get popularity while running for president.
tweed ring
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The group consisting of "Boss Tweed" and all of the immigrants who agreed to vote for him.
credit mobilier scandal
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A scandal where some of the Union Pacific Railroad workers hired themselves into Credit Mobilier at inflated prices to earn dividends up to 348%.
panic of 1873
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A panic during President Grant's term where a recession happened due to rapid capitalist expansion.
gilded age
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The name that Mark Twain gave to the reconstruction period after the Civil War.
patronage
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The tactic of politicians giving jobs in order to gain more votes, which was common during reconstruction.
compromise of 1877
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A compromise made by Henry Clay to break the Congressional election deadlock, making the Senate, House, and Supreme Court.
civil rights act of 1875
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The Republicans' last attempt to give black equal rights to whites.
sharecropping
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A process that African Americans were forced to do, where they got a percentage of the crops they farmed for their bosses.
jim crow laws
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Laws that enable the segregation of African Americans from white Americans.
plessy v. ferguson
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A Supreme Court case where African Americans were given separate but equal facilities that whites had.
chinese exclusion act
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An act that prohibited almost all future immigration from China.
pendleton act
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An act that made campaign contributions from federal employees illegal.
homestead strike
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A strike by angry steelworkers under Carnegie who had received pay cuts. This resulted in 10 deaths.
grandfather clause
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A clause stating that African Americans could not vote if their father or grandfather was a slave.